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Cystic Fibrosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the lungs, digestive system, and other organs. It is caused by mutations in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene, which plays a key role in controlling the movement of salt and water in and out of cells. When this gene does not function properly, it leads to the production of thick, sticky mucus that can block airways and trap bacteria.
One of the most common symptoms of cystic fibrosis is persistent respiratory problems. Individuals may experience chronic coughing, frequent lung infections, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Over time, repeated infections can lead to progressive lung damage. In addition to respiratory issues, cystic fibrosis also affects the digestive system. Thick mucus can block pancreatic ducts, preventing digestive enzymes from reaching the intestines. This results in poor absorption of nutrients, leading to weight loss,…